Tree Fungus Identification: Guide to Identify Tree Fungi

Barry Folmar

By Barry Folmar

Last Updated on November, 2024

When it comes to maintaining the health of your trees, recognizing the early signs of fungal infection is crucial. In this guide, we’ll cover how to identify tree fungi, the common types to watch out for, and what steps to take if you spot signs of infection.

Quick Summary

  • Recognizing and identifying tree fungi early is crucial for maintaining tree health, with signs including leaf spots, bracket fungi, and dead wood. Common fungi include Honey Fungus, Southern Bracket, and Chicken of the Woods.
  • Common types of tree fungi include Honey Fungus, Southern Bracket, and Beefsteak Fungus, each causing varying degrees of rot and tree damage. Identifying these fungi can prevent tree failure.
  • Regular inspections, proper irrigation, pruning, and maintaining healthy soil are essential to prevent and manage fungal infections in trees. Consulting a certified arborist and using fungicide when necessary are key steps to take.

How to Identify Tree Fungi?

honey mushrooms growing on an old tree stump

Fungi can infect many tree species, causing significant damage if left unchecked. Recognizing the symptoms early, such as the presence of bracket fungi or leaf spots, is key to protecting your trees. Here’s how you can identify tree fungus and take action to maintain your tree’s health.

What Does Tree Fungus Look Like?

Tree fungus appears in various forms, from powdery mildew on leaves to large mushrooms growing at the base of the tree.

Fungi like the Honey Fungus produce clusters of honey-colored mushrooms, often found on or near infected trees in early summer. Other fungi, like oak root fungus and armillaria root rot, can be identified by the white rot they cause beneath the bark.

Dark spots on leaves, soft patches on the bark, and the presence of dead wood are other common signs of fungal diseases. The fruiting bodies of these fungi, like the bright yellow Chicken of the Woods, indicate an ongoing infection that needs immediate attention.

Useful guides:

Common Types of Tree Fungi

tree log with fungi in a forest

Understanding the common types of tree fungus can help you identify and address issues before they spread. Here are some of the most prevalent fungal diseases affecting trees:

  1. Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea): This yellow/brown fungus attacks tree roots, leading to white rot and eventually tree failure. The fungus spreads through fungal spores, creating a network of infected roots and decaying wood. Look for clusters of honey-colored mushrooms at the base of infected trees or on fallen branches.
  2. Brittle Cinder (Ustulina deusta): Typically affecting broadleaved trees, this cushion-like fungus causes white rot, leading to dead trees if not managed. This fungus can be hard to spot until significant damage has occurred, so regular checks are essential.
  3. Southern Bracket (Ganoderma adspersum): A bracket fungus that attacks the roots and trunk base, causing white rot. These fungi form large, shelf-like fruiting bodies, commonly found on oak trees and other species.
  4. Beefsteak Fungus (Fistulina hepatica): Recognizable by its meaty appearance, this fungus causes brown rot in the heartwood of oak and chestnut trees, eventually hollowing them out.
  5. Giant Polypore (Meripilus gigantus): A bracket fungus that causes white rot in roots and the lower trunk, making the tree susceptible to failure. Look for large, fan-shaped fruiting bodies at the base of the tree.
  6. Chicken of the Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus): Known for its bright yellow color, this aggressive fungus causes brown rot in the heartwood of oaks and other trees. It can weaken the tree significantly, posing a risk of collapse.
  7. Shaggy Bracket (Inonotus hispidus): This fungus grows on the trunks of broadleaved trees, causing white rot. The fungus spreads through spores, leading to dead and decaying wood.

Early Warning Signs: How to Spot Tree Fungi?

Winter fungi on a tree

Tree fungi often start small but can spread rapidly if not addressed. Here are the early signs to watch out for:

  • Leaf Spots: Leaf spots caused by fungi or bacteria can range from minor to severe. Darker spots usually indicate a more serious problem, possibly a fungal infection.
  • Mushrooms and Bracket Fungi: Mushrooms growing on or near trees, particularly in large clusters, are a clear sign of fungal invasion. Bracket fungi, like those of Ganoderma applanatum, can be especially harmful as they indicate internal decay.
  • Soft or Discolored Patches on Bark: These are often signs of improper irrigation or excess moisture, which can lead to fungal issues like root rot. Regularly check for soft spots by pressing gently on the bark.
  • Dead Wood and Fallen Branches: The presence of dead wood or frequent fallen branches can signal an advanced fungal infection, particularly if coupled with other symptoms.
  • Mushrooms and Sooty Mold: The appearance of mushrooms or sooty mold on the foliage can indicate a fungal infection. These should be investigated by a certified arborist.

Steps to Take When You Identify Tree Fungus

Once you’ve identified tree fungi, acting quickly is essential to prevent further damage. Here’s what you can do:

  1. Consult a Certified Arborist: The first step is to get a professional diagnosis. A certified arborist can identify the type of fungus affecting your tree and recommend the best course of action.
  2. Prune Infected Branches: Removing infected branches can help prevent the fungus from spreading. However, use proper gardening tools to avoid damaging the tree further.
  3. Improve Air Circulation: Poor air circulation and wet days can exacerbate fungal issues. Pruning surrounding plants or thinning the tree canopy can help improve air flow, reducing the risk of fungal growth.
  4. Manage Soil Health: Healthy soil is less likely to harbor harmful fungi. Add organic matter to improve soil structure, and avoid over-watering, which can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
  5. Use Fungicide if Necessary: In severe cases, applying a fungicide may be required to stop the fungus. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consider seeking professional help to avoid damaging the tree.

Preventing Future Fungal Issues

Honey fungus on a tree

Preventing tree fungi from taking hold is far easier than dealing with an established infection. Here are some tips to keep your trees healthy:

  • Regular Inspections: Frequently check your trees for signs of fungal infections, especially during early summer when growth conditions are ideal for many fungi.
  • Proper Irrigation: Ensure that trees are watered properly, avoiding both over-watering and under-watering. Improper irrigation can lead to fungal issues.
  • Sunlight and Airflow: Ensure that your trees receive adequate sunlight and air circulation. This can prevent the growth of many fungi that thrive in damp, shaded environments.
  • Avoid Injuries to Trees: Injuries to the bark or roots can be entry points for fungi. Take care when using gardening tools around your trees, and avoid unnecessary pruning.

By following these steps, you can keep your trees healthy and reduce the risk of fungal infections. Remember, early identification and prompt action are key to managing tree fungi.

If you’re in Houston and need help with tree health or fungal issues, don’t hesitate to contact Tree Removal Houston. Our team is ready to assist with all your tree care needs.

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